RALA and carcinoma: Though FAM3C can mediate carcinoma phenotype through various pathways including RAS, Jak/Stat3, and TGFβ, our work gives credence to its stimulation of migration and invasiveness through association with RalA, a Ras GTPase that is activated in many carcinomas, through downstream signaling pathways that include Src, JNK, NF-kB, cyclin D and Aurora A that may lead to cellular transformation.