SERPINE1 and atherosclerosis: Chronic mild inflammation biomarkers (e.g. Creative protein, CRP), increased oxidant stress (e.g. oxidized low density lipoprotein, LDL), thrombophilia (e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PAI1), and endothelial dysfunction (e.g. Eselectin) may all increase the risk of atherosclerosis and clinical cardiovascular events30,31 Therefore, MtS is a set of multiple risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease32 MtS is strongly associated with DM.