GDF11 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: To further validate the m6A single nucleotide array results, MazF-polymerase chain reaction (MazF-PCR) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to verify the m6A methylation and mRNA levels for EPB41L3, ADNP, GDF11, and RGS2. The m6A methylation level for EPB41L3 was significantly upregulate in the T2DM group when compared with the control group, in accordance with the m6A single nucleotide array results (Fig. 3a), whereas there was no significant difference in mRNA levels (Fig. 3e).