Previous studies have shown that IR sequelae include chronic inflammation, oxidative stress status imbalance, and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.63 Aguilar-Recarte et al. reported that metformin lowers glucose through by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 and activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been recognised as a potential IR-related pathway.64 Similarly, Entezari et al. also showed that AMPK signalling improves insulin sensitivity and prevents oxidative stress and cell death in cells. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic syndrome.