Studies evaluating biomarkers including PD-L1, tumor mutation burden, counts of TILs and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells for predicting responses of patient to therapy demonstrated disappointing limitations.9,27,66–71 Our study proposes a concept that PD-L1-positive patients may respond differently to ICI plus paclitaxel combined therapy based on the subcellular redistribution of PD-L1 particularly the mitochondrial localization in tumor cells. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.