NFKBIA and infection: However, while the ΔprtT mutant showed only a moderate decrease in the activation of IκBα phosphorylation after 8 h of in vitro infection with live spores, the ΔpacC and ΔgliP mutants completely failed (P ≤ 0.05 relative to parental isolate challenge) to elicit IκBα activation (Fig. 6A).