Furthermore, the noninvasive and attenuated A. fumigatus mutant lacking the transcription factor PacC evokes muted canonical and noncanonical NF-κB activity compared to that induced by an isogenic parental isolate (Fig. 5 and 6), strongly implicating NF-κB in damage-inducing host responses to fungal challenge during infection. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.