Patients with histories of recent gastrointestinal bleeding were excluded from 3 NOAC trials (RE-LY, ROCKET AF [Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation], and ENGAGE-AF),8, 9, 10 whereas ARISTOTLE is the only trial that enrolled patients with histories of gastrointestinal bleeding.11 This evidence concerns the gene F10 and Abnormal bleeding.