TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: Antioxidants inhibit extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of mesangial cell proteins induced by high glucose, prevent glomerular hypertrophy, reduce proteinuria, and reduce the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and ECM in glomeruli of DKD animals, which is a function of oxidative stress in DKD [58–60].