Moreover, participants in lower quartiles of grip strength were younger; less likely to be white and current smokers; more likely to be alcohol drinkers; more likely to have hypertension, depression, diabetes, CVD, and dementia family history; had higher deprivation index, BMI, Cystatin C, and CRP levels and lower education, physical activity, and albumin levels (all P values < 0.001) (eTable 2). Here, CST3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.