In recent years, many studies have shown that the imbalance between M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages contributes to the progression of PN and RA [15, 16], such as inducing M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages, inhibiting M1 macrophage inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression, and increasing M2 macrophage anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 expression is beneficial to the repair of peripheral nerve injury [17], and delay the progression of RA [18–20]. Here, IL1B is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.