Possibly, the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway has been shown to be simultaneously activated in multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including dendritic cells6, MDSCs36, Macrophages37, T cells12, and NK cells38, therefore, it is likely that global IRE1α inhibition in NSCLC-bearing mice may induce confounding effects on overall antitumor immunity and disease progression. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.