TNF and Anxiety: Administration of complete Freud’s adjuvant (CFA) to mice-induced pain and anxiety-like behavior, significantly increased the expression of p-P38 and p-JNK in the ACC (this signaling pathway functions as a cytokine-inducing activator), activated the microglia and astrocytes, and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 [50].