LPA and cancer: In fact, Enpp2 (ATX) is among the top 40 most up-regulated genes in metastatic breast cancer (Euer et al, 2002), whereas ATX-LPA signaling is positively correlated with the invasive and metastatic potential of several cancers including melanoma, breast, ovarian, thyroid, renal cell, lung, neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioblastoma multiforme (Samadi et al, 2011).