These included reductions in components of the NADPH oxidase complex (neutrophil cytosol factor [NCF 1 and 2] and cytochrome b 558 subunit β [CYBB]) (Fig S4F), suggesting reduced ability to produce ROS and potentially contributing to the increased incidence of fungal and bacterial co-infections in steroid-treated COVID-19 patients (60). Here, FMO5 is linked to coinfection.