It is of interest to determine whether, as in asymptomatic HE due to SABD duplication with a 95 kDa 4.1R mutant (4.1R95) (30, 32), camelid 4.1R has features distinct from other mammalian 4.1R proteins, resulting in the rearrangement of membrane skeletal organization following exposure to shear stress in the circulation and the consequent elliptocytic shape of camelid RBCs. Here, EPB41 is linked to hereditary elliptocytosis.