ALB and diabetic kidney disease: DKD is one of the microvascular complications of DM and is pathologically characterized by mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and glomerular sclerosis. Albuminuria and progressive decrease in eGFR are major clinical manifestations of DKD, less frequently haematuria can also be observed. Microalbuminuria is the marker of endothelial dysfunction and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease however there is accumulating evidence that the risk of developing DKD and cardiovascular disease starts at normal urinary albumin excretion [5].