WFS1 and optic atrophy: WFS has been termed bythe acronym “DIDMOAD” to signify the manifestations of diabetes insipidus,diabetes mellites, optic atrophy, and deafness.[62,63,64] It has an estimated prevalence of1 in 100,000 in the United States and 1 in 150 cases of juvenile-onsetinsulin-dependent diabetes.[62,65] WFS is inherited in an autosomalrecessive pattern; however, patients with the WFS1 gene mutationinherit several pathologies in an autosomal dominant manner.