However, BALAD-2 and aMAP could not predict HCC with a relative high performance, even with significantly lower AUC than individual protein markers (AUCAFP=0.876, PBALAD-2 VS AFP <0.001, PaMAP VS AFP <0.001), which may be related to the scenario of model development (15, 17). Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.