In recent research, Zhang et al. found that cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) encoded on the cagPAI of H. pylori could activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, promote the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 secretion, and finally promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer (Zhang et al., 2022a). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is gastric cancer.