Comparing lesional PN skin to lesional AD skin and control skin, the significantly upregulated DEGs in PN included matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP3, MMP10, MMP13), OSM, NGF, IL1α, IL1β, CXCL2, CXCL8, and insulin-like growth factors (IGFL2, IGFL3) (Figure 2D and Supplementary Figure 1B). Here, IGFL3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.