VTN and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In this cohort of women with PCOS who were not obese, insulin resistant or demonstrating indices of inflammation greater than control women, this suggests that the alterations of the complement proteins in this study are reflective of the inherent processes in PCOS rather than an epiphenomenon reflective of obesity, insulin resistance or inflammation, as has been previously suggested by mathematical modeling (3).