TNF and muscle atrophy: Notably, we investigated the potential efficacy, underlying mechanism, and side effects of morroniside in TNFα-induced C2C12 myotubes atrophy in vitro and/or inflammatory skeletal muscle atrophy caused by denervation in vivo, thus, providing an important theoretical basis for the translational application of morroniside in clinical to treat patients with inflammation-associated muscle atrophy.