TNF and diabetes mellitus: Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in a variety of pathogenic states ranging from inherited to acquired diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, aging, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Li et al., 2020), cachexia, cancer, disuse, and denervation (Thoma and Lightfoot, 2018), which are accompanied with the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients, such as TNFα, IL-6, and/or CRP.