TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: In a retrospective clinical study, IBD patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs were less likely to develop colorectal cancer (patients with Crohn’s disease: odds ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.66–0.73, p < 0.0001; patients with ulcerative colitis: odds ratio, 0.78, 95% CI, 0.73–0.83, p < 0.0001) (Alkhayyat et al., 2021).