One striking observation in this context is that several of the “classical developmental TFs” for which direct target genes have been identified in the adult and aging brain, such as EN1/2, LMX1A/B and NURR1, appear to regulate the same pathways that are thought of primarily going awry in the PD brain, namely the mitochondrial energy metabolism, ALP and immune response/anti-inflammatory pathways. This evidence concerns the gene EN1 and Parkinson disease.