SFCAs act as signaling molecules between the gut microbiota and pancreas either directly via receptors on pancreatic cells or through the gut-brain-pancreas axis, increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 levels that regulate pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion and thereby improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM (38). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.