However, SA significantly reduced the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio, Enterorhabdus, the norank_f__Clostridium_methylpentosum_group, Dubosiella, and Alistipes. Notably, Desulfovibrio, Enterorhabdus, and Dubosiella were positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress (34, 35), which is consistent with the experimental results showing a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α and a significant decrease in SOD and GSH-Px in T2DM mice (Figure 2). Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.