Upon activation, GPR41 and GPR43 stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide yy (PYY) hormones from the colonocyte, which induces satiety, stimulates insulin secretion, and decreases glucose level by decreasing glucagon secretion from the pancreas which generates the glucose from glycogen, to alleviate diabetes. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.