Previous studies have reported increased expression of several chemokines, such as CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5, in the bladder and urine of patients with IC/BPS with Hunner lesions (2, 45–47), suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of TRPV4 could be a potential therapeutic target for IC/BPS with Hunner lesions. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.