HCQ treatment can reduce low-density lipoprotein and Triglyceride serum values, and plays an anti-platelet aggregation role, thus it is considered to be cardioprotective (57).Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy in RA reduces CVD risk via inhibition of endothelial dysfunction and slows the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial adhesion molecules (58). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.