SDC1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In addition to FGF and VEGF, the other two factors angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and Sphingosine-1 (S1P), which upregulate the expression and extravasation of eGCX components (mainly the core protein syndecan) via PI3K and Tie2 signals respectively, are also elevated during liver fibrosis (161, 162).