BRAF and neoplasm: Although tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the expression levels of PD-1/PD-L1 have been proposed as determinants of differential responses to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment among CRC patients with different MSI statuses (44), further studies are required to determine the roles of PD-1/PD-L1, BRAF/RAS mutations, TMB, and T-cell phenotype as biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with MSI-H/dMMR CRC.