In a previous study, some of these CCGs including IFN-γ, IP-10, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1Ra, CRP, MIP-1α, and VEGF-A were shown to be upregulated upon BNT162b2 administration in healthy individuals (12); however, the upregulation noted in healthy volunteers (up to 20-fold) is substantially higher than noted in our population of cancer patients (up to 2-fold). Here, TNF is linked to cancer.