CD40LG and viral infectious disease: For the treatment of persons with a viral infection, the aim is to better understand the heterogeneity among individuals and determine who is most likely to benefit from a specific treatment.298 To achieve this goal, it is critical to develop biosensors to detect biomarkers such as viral molecules, ACE2 receptor, vitamin D levels, IgG, IgM antibodies, and C-reactive protein to help medical professionals to diagnose infection, determine the risk of infection, monitor immune response, and assess disease severity.299