TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: In this work, the lipid accumulation induced by OA in the hepatoma cells, confirmed by Nile Red staining and Oil Red O cell staining, led to an inflammation status which increased the level of multiple cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF).