A novel finding of our study is that the glutamine effect is complex depending on timing (pre-treatment or post-treatment), biomolecule target (HSP90α mRNA, intracellular proteins, interleukins, MCP-1), cell type (monocytes or lymphocytes), and patients’ sub cohorts (sepsis or trauma), being different in patients with septic shock or SIRS and healthy subjects. The gene discussed is HSP90AA1; the disease is Sepsis.