A novel finding of our study is that the glutamine effect is complex depending on timing (pre-treatment or post-treatment), biomolecule target (HSP90α mRNA, intracellular proteins, interleukins, MCP-1), cell type (monocytes or lymphocytes), and patients’ sub cohorts (sepsis or trauma), being different in patients with septic shock or SIRS and healthy subjects. This evidence concerns the gene HSP90AA1 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.