TNF and gestational diabetes: A large number of studies have shown that high cytokine levels are associated with pregnancy complications (e.g., gestational diabetes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6 levels [4,5], gestational hypertension and CRP levels [6], preeclampsia and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, IL-6 levels, IL-8 levels and hematological parameters of systemic inflammation (NLR/MPV) [7,8]) and adverse birth outcomes (e.g., low birth weight infants and CRP levels [9], premature delivery and CRP levels [10], prolonged pregnancy and IL-8 levels [11]).