TNF and colitis: Similarly, we also found that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were effectively reduced, and the level of IL-10 increased by L. gasseri JM1 intervention, indicating that L. gasseri JM1 exerted its immunomodulatory function to stimulate the organism to generate a cascade response and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, which could play an immunomodulatory role in DSS-induced colitis.