GSDMD and diabetes mellitus: In the current study, we applied the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (EX-4) to verify whether activating GLP-1R could alleviate diabetes with depression by inhibiting the GSDMD-mediated microglial pyroptosis pathway both in vivo and in vitro, thus exploring the underlying mechanism and identifying more efficient therapeutic targets for depression in patients with diabetes.