TLR3 and HIV-1 infection: The results revealed that TLR3 agonists, as anticipated, could efficiently reactivate viral transcription in HIV-1-infected microglia cells, rather than monocytes or T cells, via a previously unreported IRF3, but not the most common NF-κB-mediated mechanism, providing evidence for the therapeutic potential of TLR3 agonists in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system [120].