CCL2 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Hence, the inflammatory environment in the lung of patients with COVID-19-related ARDS is also associated with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the peripheral blood (e.g., IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1RA, IFN-γ, IL-17, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1a, CCL5/RANTES, CCL8/MCP-2, CXCL2/MIP-2, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10 and CXCL16) [49,52,55], associated to increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β [57].