ACE and hypertensive disorder: Old age [5,8,12,19,28,36], ASA 3 or 4 [12,27,30,32], higher body mass (BMI) [6,8,19,30,31], reduced baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) [9,19,29,35], low serum albumin concentration [6,29,36], diabetes mellitus (DM) [19,28,29,36], hypertension [9,10,11,19,30,32,36], the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) [6,9,19,29,36], undergoing a thoracotomy procedure [9,11,29,30], and prolonged surgery time [10,12,27,32] were examined and identified.