In CD4+ T cells from the patients with systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE), metformin at 4 mM inhibits the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes independent of AMPK activation and mammalian target of mTORC1 inhibition and it was replicated by inhibitors for electron transport chain respiratory complexes I, III and IV, suggesting the importance of OXPHOS in the production of IFN signature genes [65]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.