CD4 and autoimmune disease: Recent studies using Extracellular Flux Analyzer demonstrated that metformin alters the activities of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), lipid oxidation, and glutaminolysis, which tightly link to the modulation of cytokine production in CD4+ and CD+8 T cells in various disease states, such as virus infection, autoimmune diseases, aging and cancers.