CREB1 and Parkinson disease: As mentioned above, given that Noopept is known to be an agonist of both NMDA and AMPA receptors [90], it is conceivable that the long-term administration of intranasal administration of CNS/CT-001 in PD patients can ultimately be therapeutically beneficial by enhancing prosurvival signaling pathways mediated by BDNF and CREB when AMPA and NMDA receptors are activated at synaptic sites.