PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Given that we have recently published that pharmacological-mediated enhancement of PKA signaling via intraperitoneal delivery of Forskolin is sufficient to ameliorate Parkinson’s pathology in 10-month-old PINK1-KO rats [46], we surmised that intranasal delivery of CNS/CT-001 (a formulation that contains Forskolin and Noopept) could exert more significant neuroprotective effects in PINK1-KO rats by pharmacologically elevating the activity of PKA and intracellular levels of BDNF in the brain and reduce the level of α-synuclein aggregates.