In this study, our preclinical data shows that intranasal administration of a formulation that contains analogs of Forskolin and Noopept termed CNS/CT-001, can reverse PD pathology in a Parkinsonian rat model via activation of PKA, which amplifies a neuroprotective signaling pathway that is presumably downstream of cell membrane receptors (TrkB and NGF receptor), and via increasing the level of neurotrophic factors in the brain (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, Supplementary Figure S4). The gene discussed is NGFR; the disease is Parkinson disease.