INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Large GWA studies have confirmed that some genetic loci, such as PAX4 (encoding a pancreatic islet transcription factor), PSMD6 and ZFAND3 (encoding proteins involved in insulin secretion), NID2 (associated with lipodystrophy traits or body fat distribution), and ALDH2 (encoding an enzyme for alcohol metabolism associated with T2D in men), are unusually frequent among East Asian people [125].