Caffeic acid also increased mRNA levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP2 (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2), and decreased mRNA levels of VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A), metalloproteinases MMP-2, and MMP-9 [57], essential for aggressive tumor growth and metastases [62]. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is neoplasm.