Recent work indicates a powerful role for heightened CD8+ t cells and NK cells activation, in association with elevations in interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A and granzyme B suggestive of heightened cytotoxicity of NK cells and CD8+ t cells in ALS, which the authors suggest drives MN loss [20]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.