CXCR4 and acute myeloid leukemia: Whilst promising results have been obtained using strategies that inhibit AML cell adhesion and homing, such as targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis, VLA-4 and E-selectin (Table 1 and Table 2), with several of these agents, particularly the CXCR4 antagonists plerixafor and ulocuplumab, and the E-selectin inhibitor uproleselan, demonstrating clinical efficacy that warrants further investigation, other potential approaches targeting the bone marrow microenvironment have not yielded as encouraging results.