Whilst promising results have been obtained using strategies that inhibit AML cell adhesion and homing, such as targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis, VLA-4 and E-selectin (Table 1 and Table 2), with several of these agents, particularly the CXCR4 antagonists plerixafor and ulocuplumab, and the E-selectin inhibitor uproleselan, demonstrating clinical efficacy that warrants further investigation, other potential approaches targeting the bone marrow microenvironment have not yielded as encouraging results. Here, CXCL12 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.