GCG and Insulin resistance: Subsequent Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed biomarkers showed that the metabolites were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption, insulin resistance (IR), glycolysis, citric acid cycle, carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glucagon signaling pathway, arginine and proline metabolism, and other metabolic pathways (Figure 6).