S100B and Alzheimer disease: In conclusion, our study showed that essential metals (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, K, and Zn), heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), and essential non-metals (P, S, and Se) are positively associated with CSF AD biomarkers, mainly phosphorylated tau isoforms, VILIP-1, S100B, NFL, and YKL-40, suggesting new diagnostic opportunities and therapeutic targets in future studies on AD.