TGFB1 and infection: However, the WB results show that the expression of TGF-β is not up-regulated by E. faecalis infection (Figure A3 and Figure A6), which is inconsistent with TGEV infection results, indicating that the pathway of E. faecalis to induce EMT is not the TGF-β signaling pathway, and may be different from that caused by TGEV direct involvement of bacterial pathogens in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation has been described in a few species, mainly E. coli [34], while H. pylori [35] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [36] have been shown to induce EMT independently.