TNF and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Such experiments might reveal that DMD disease is capable of inducing DNMTs, and HDACs (such as Sirt3), and that, in turn, can instigate the inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, and IL1β along with iNOS, Nox4, NPT, M1 macrophages, MMP9, and increase CD4+, and CD8+ cells.